甲骨存真 金石留痕
作者 – 庞 辉

- 为秦士蔚先生甲骨文篆刻书法作品集作序
2017年11月,中国最早的成熟汉字——甲骨文,通过联合国教科文组织评审,成功入选《世界记忆名录》,在现、当代艺坛上,毕生以甲骨文入书入印者,寥若晨星,难成俦匹,秦士蔚先生就是研究这一人类共同精神财富的一代大家。
我与秦士蔚先生相识于1981年,我们相邻而居18年。先生创作环境极其简陋,常年在一间只有十平方米的坯子房里研究甲骨文、篆刻和书法。由平房延伸搭建的坯子房又矮又小,冬天寒气袭人,夏天酷暑闷热。那些年我常常晚归,夜深人静周边一片漆黑,唯独那矮坯房里还亮着灯光,那是先生戴着老花镜孜孜不倦地伏案耕耘。当时的我虽然十分敬仰先生,对先生探究的甲骨文艺术也一直怀有浓厚的兴趣,但因生活拮据,根本没有能力也不敢奢望我的人生有一天会和深奥的甲骨文艺术产生联系。是先生的毅力和精神吸引了我,我从好奇开始,经常在一旁观摩,到不知不觉地当起了他的助手:磨刀、揉墨、裁纸、洗笔、查找资料。在天天相处、日日相伴中先生成了我的引路人,成了我可敬可爱的老师,而我也“顺理成章”的成了先生的忘年交,成了先生的知己。18年中先生让我感动、敬佩的事数不胜数,由于文章篇幅仅说一件:先生一生从未卖过一幅字,没有售过一枚章,却在古稀之年,花了整整两年的工资购回《甲骨文全集》(50本),足见先生对艺术的钟爱和投入。
18年相处相伴,先生研究艺术时忘我的沉浸入神,探讨、实践、创作时的一举一动,至今仍历历在目,栩栩如生。
先生是良师益友,也是尊长。他把我带入艺术天地的过程中也潜移默化的传教着艺德,影响了我的一生。本书的出版,既是自我学习的总结,也是对秦士蔚先生谆谆教诲的感恩,更是向先生学习,为弘扬中华文化、促进东西方文化交流提供一个窗口;同时也为东西方专家、学者和研究机构提供一些甲骨文研究的素材。
秦士蔚(1922-1999年),中国江苏淮安人氏,号丹霞,当代著名甲骨文篆刻和甲骨文书法艺术家。先生早在上世纪七十年代即为中国书法家协会会员。因其学识渊博,成果非凡,被评为中国江苏省甲骨文学会首席顾问,并受聘为江苏省文史研究馆荣誉馆员,其作品入选于中国第一、三届书法篆刻展览作品集、中国首届篆刻艺术展作品集。曾多次参加国际书展,赴法国、日本、比利时、韩国等国家展出。2009年,先生的作品应邀在纽约联合国大厦隆重展出,影响空前,吸引了大批研究、热爱甲骨文的国际专家和友人。
先生出生于书香世家。曾祖父秦焕,字文伯,清咸丰十年进士,入翰林官至广西按察史。老淮安市南门如今仍完好的保存着秦焕故居,有二百九十多间房屋,面积甚大。宅院雕梁画栋,大门和“明三暗五”的堂屋砖雕精致异常,堪称一绝。先生的祖父秦少文为淮安城内著名的大财主之一,父亲秦寄尘幼习诗书,秉性正直醇厚,聪明好学。考取秀才后,入国子监,赴朝考入选优贡,任七品京官。秦寄尘善书法,尤精蝇头小楷,著有《寄庐诗稿》三卷。秦家与大文豪、甲骨文古文字学家罗振玉、著名甲骨文大收藏家刘鹗等江淮饱学名流来往甚密。先生就是在这样文化底蕴深厚的家庭氛围熏陶下成长。他自幼就对诸子百家、训诂名扬、金石文字等产生了浓厚的兴趣,加上其父望子成龙心切,拜请当时精古文、擅书法的包百龄先生为他当私塾老师。这一切,都奠定了先生厚重的古文化(字)的功底。
自上世纪四十年代开始,先生对其乡贤所藏龟甲兽骨,爱不释手,对龟甲兽骨上的契刻文字,从起初的好奇、惊叹转而学习、研究,直至借鉴、变法,达到融会贯通。先生经年翻阅于手上的一部东汉许慎的《说文解字》,几乎无处不圈点注释。《汉语古文字字形表》、《卜辞》、《甲骨文编》、《殷墟书契菁华》、《金文诂林》等许多工具书常置案头,凡疑问之处,均经过仔细的校勘考订。先生对学术界尚未辨识和确定的四千多个甲骨文形体符号的文字,进行反复考证、反复比较、反复核对,研究考释出一百四十多个甲骨文单字,如 “起”“轩”、“意”、“洵”等字,并运用于甲骨文书法和篆刻的创作之中。
甲骨文记录和反映了商朝的政治和经济情况,它上承原始刻绘符号,下启青铜铭文,是汉字发展的关键形态,被称为“最早的汉字”。甲骨文于1898年被古董商、金石学家、学者王懿荣发现,至今已122年。时至今日,有关甲骨文创作的名家和上乘的甲骨文书法篆刻作品仍然不多见,这和甲骨文的深奥难辩有很大关系。同时因甲骨文原字的数量有限,用于创作常缺文少字,捉襟见肘,这就需要有过硬的文字功底。甲骨文创作的另一个难度,在于其字形结构多为不规则的斜线和几何图形,这在较为方整的字符和印里极不容易安顿。放稳定了又容易少了天然澜漫的原生意味。因此,甲骨文作品往往被文学者感觉走调而否认,而拘于甲骨文摹写化的作品,又会被书法家、篆刻家所不屑。先生“取法乎上”,直接效法于先民。他精研殷商甲骨文各期的书风,汲取了武丁时期“雄健宏伟、古朴浑厚”和武乙、文丁时期“奇峭险峻、气势凌厉”的艺术特征,并揉进西周金文笔意,其体态纵横开合、曲划笔势婉转,创新而不失法度,写意而不失凝练,灵动而洒脱自然,天真而和谐统一。既表现出甲骨文契刻的刀趣,又因笔而异产生出奇特的艺术效果,形成“秦氏书法”特有的气势和古拙劲峭、豪纵奔放的雄强书风,冲破了前人甲骨文笔墨成法的窠臼,开创了“写意派”甲骨文书法,大气磅礴,气象万千。
先生具有深湛的甲骨文篆刻基础,作品灵动多姿,刀笔俱佳,时而刚健,时而苍浑,时而刚柔并济。他的作品一类为“纯甲骨”,即印中文字皆为甲骨文,如“姜西”、“王光明”、“延復”、“淮安人耳”、“百家争鸣”等,另一类为“半甲骨”,即印中文字既有甲骨文,也有金文,但无论印中的甲、金文字比例大小,最终仍以甲骨文的风貌出现。如“今胜昔”中的“胜”字为金文,“古为今用”中的“古”字为金文(其实甲骨文中有“古”字,先生弃甲骨文不用而改用金文,这肯定是处于印章布局的需要)。又如“林散之”朱文印,“散”字为金文,大有甲骨文、金文布局互补,“和谐相处”之感。
凡先生治印,必有道理,从不盲目奏刀,故而先生的每方印都有精彩独到之处,每方印都可让人悉心玩味而魅力无穷。如白文印“力争上游”是先生“以书入印”的经典。该印“力”字的一点和“上”字的一点,好似用笔着力于纸上的墨点。先生治印,用刀极为纯熟,已不拘泥于是用“冲刀”还是“切刀”,故而此印是冲、切随意,刀随笔意走,笔意随刀生,任其轻重粗细自然变化,笔情刀趣尽显其中。
先生在进行甲骨文印章制作中,十分注重章法变化,或平正,如“南天竹影”、“不闲居”;或险境,如“孙洵”、“游于艺”;或平中夹险,险中带平,如“士蔚所作”。朱文“亚明”一印,是先生1978年的一个巧妙构思,“亚明”二字,甲骨文中全有,但先生构思时受其古文徽号文字中许多亚形文字的启发和影响,取字置于亚形之中的形式,“亚”字假借金文臣谏簋字形,印章刻成,印拓成四方联的形式,使“明”字在亚形中变换了四个方向,增加了变化,同时符合甲骨文部首可上可下、可左可右的特殊规律,形式新颖,天人合一。
自上世纪七十年代以后,先生治印,必以甲骨文作印章边款,少则数字,多则数十字、上百字,鸿篇巨制,洋洋大观。先生作品集中的许多边跋作品如“亚明”、“秦士蔚”、“大羽画印”、“井冈山”等印章的甲骨文边款,或温厚静穆、或恣意畅达,无不古拙劲峭、娟雅秀美。至上世纪九十年代中期,先生创作的篆刻作品近千枚,书法作品达三千件之多。篆刻作品大约五分之三来自于甲骨文,五分之二出自于金文、汉印及少量的行楷书印。书法也有些类似,当然,其章草别具一格。无论是篆刻还是书法,其所选取和实际应用的甲骨文字,数量之多,涉及题材之广,十分罕见。
先生的印章作品,神完气足、恣意畅达、格调高古、独树一帜,为后人留下了一笔极为宝贵和值得研究的艺术财富,为甲骨文治印史树立了新的里程碑。先生是集作品和“活字典”于一身的书法篆刻家,他经过长期艰苦的探索,使甲骨文创作一改冷峻拘谨的摹写化形象,走向笔情墨趣的表现,并且有了自己明显的风格。这是先生一个甲子的尽心打造,把汗水、智慧和理想都融入其中,从而重塑再造了甲骨文创作的崭新模式和途径,这是非常了不起的成就。
先生一生淡泊名利,在声名鹊起之后,以“天意怜幽草,人间重晚晴”自勉,虽居“漏屋”,却陶然自得。先生作书时,不为名利所囿,心态平和,无牵无碍,往往先凝神静思片刻,使之气沉丹田,尔后迅疾下笔,挥毫落纸,一气呵成。纸上留下的笔墨痕迹,立刻鲜活起来,一笔一划无不洋溢出大气磅礴的阳刚之气。
先生为人纯挚正直,洁身自好,不慕浮荣。与人相处,肝胆相照,不矜夸,不虚假;对晚辈循循善诱,言传身教;对朋友掬诚相见,知无不言。正因为先生有如此高尚的品格和节操,才能在甲骨文书法篆刻艺术上达到出神入化的境界。如今先生其名冠盖中国大江南北,其莘莘学子如蓝青、苏金海等桃李满天下。
“翰墨传世良操美德千秋在,为人师表亮节高风万古存”,甲骨文字,汉字肇始,薪尽火传,绵绵不绝,先生卓越的艺术成就必将甲骨存真、历史留痕。
In November 2017, The earliest written language carrier in China: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which has successfully entered (the UNESCO World Memory List.) In today’s Literary Forum, only a few scholars have devoted their whole lives to studying oracle-bone inscriptions. Mr. Qin Shiwei is a master of the literary world who studies Oracle Bone inscriptions, which is the wealth of human spirit.
I met Mr. Qin Shiwei in 1981, and we lived as neighbors for 18 years. Mr. Qin Shiwei’s creative environment is too primitive. He spends his years studying oracle bone inscriptions, seal carvings, and calligraphy in a humble house. The house where Mr. Qin lives at is cold in winter and hot and Muggy in summer the time. In those years, I often come home late at night, and it was dark all around me. But whenever Mr. Qin’s room was always lit. At that time, although I admired Mr. Qin very much, and had always been interested in Mr. Qin’s study of Oracle Bone Art, due to my financial constraints, I didn’t dare to hope that one day my life would have a connection with the esoteric art of Oracle Bone. Gradually, Mr. Qin’s perseverance and spirit attracted me, I often observe in the side, to unconsciously as his assistant: sharpening, rubbing ink, cutting paper, washing brush, looking up information. Mr. Qin became my guide, as well as my respective and beloved mentor. I became Mr. Qin’s bosom friend and confidant of Mr. Qin. Mr. Qin has so many things to be moved and admired. He has never sold a single artwork and seal in his entire life. However, in his 70s, he spent two years’-salary to purchase back the complete works of Oracle bone inscriptions (50 copies), which shows his love and devotion to art.
In the 18 years I have spent with Mr. Qin, I can still see Mr. Qin’s selflessness in his study of art and his every move in his creation.
Mr. Qin is a teacher, a friend, and an elder. He brought me into the art world in the process of also imperceptibly preaching the arts and ethics, which affected my life. The publication of this book is not only a summary of self-study but also sincere gratitude for Qin Shiwei’s inculcation. It also provides a window for promoting Chinese culture and promoting cultural exchange between East and West. At the same time, it also provides some study material for the research of Oracle bone inscriptions for the experts, scholars and research institutions both in the east and the West.
Qin Shiwei (1922-1999), a native of Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China, Mr. Qin, his pseudonym Dan Xia, is a famous contemporary oracle-bone carving and calligraphy artist. Mr. Qin has been a member of the Chinese Calligraphers Association since the 1970s. He has profound knowledge and remarkable achievements. He was named the chief consultant of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Society of Jiangsu Province, China, and was employed as an honorary librarian of the literature and History Research Institute of Jiangsu Province; his works were selected in the first and third Chinese calligraphy, and seal carving exhibition works, the first Chinese seal carving art exhibition works he has participated in many international book fairs and exhibited in France, Japan, Belgium, Korea, and other countries. In 2009, Mr. Qin’s work was invited to the United Nations building in New York and had a Grand Exhibition, the impact of unprecedented, attracted a large number of research, love Oracle international experts and friends.
Mr. Qin was born into a scholarly family. Great-grandfather Qin Huan styled himself as “WenBo” was a scholar in the 10th Year of the XIAN FENG Reign of the Qing Dynasty. The Old South Gate of Huai’an is still intact, with more than two hundred and ninety houses and a large area. Mansion carved beam painting Dong, the door and “light three dark five” of the hall brick carving exquisite abnormal, can be called a must. Mr. Qin’s grandfather, Qin Shaowen, was one of the most famous wealthy men in Huai’an. His father, Qin Jichen, studied poetry and was a man of integrity and intelligence. After the admission of a scholar, into the Imperial College, North Korea admitted to the election of excellent tribute, Ren Seven Pin Beijing official. Qin Ji Chen good calligraphy, especially Jing fly head small Kai, with “Ji Lu Shi Gao” three volumes. The Qin family was closely associated with such famous scholars as Luo Zhenyu, the oracle bone expert, and Liu E, the renowned oracle bone collector. Mr. Qin grew up under the influence of such a deep-rooted cultural family atmosphere. He was interested in a Hundred Schools of Thought, explanation, and inscriptions, and his father wanted to help his son become a great master. He asked Bao bailing, who was a master of classical Chinese and calligraphy, to be his private tutor. All this has laid a solid foundation for Mr. Qin’s cultural competence. Since the 1940s, Mr. Qin has been studying the tortoise shells bones, the Hands All Over, and the inscriptions on the tortoise shells bones in his hometown. Mr. Qin has spent years poring over a copy of Xu Shen’s Shuowen Jiezi, a work of the Eastern Han Dynasty, punctuated almost everywhere with notes. Many reference books, such as the table of ancient Chinese characters, oracle inscriptions, oracle bone inscriptions, the essence of the Yin Ruins, and the notes on bronze inscriptions, are always kept on the desk. Mr. Qin has repeatedly researched, compared, and checked more than 4,000 characters and symbols of oracle bone inscriptions, which have not yet been identified and confirmed by the academic circles. More than one hundred and forty single figures of oracle bone inscriptions have been released through research and examination, such as “Qi,” “Xuan,” “Yi,” “Xun,” and other words, and applied for the use of oracle-bone script calligraphy and seal carving in the creation.
The oracle bone inscription records and reflects the political and economic situation of the Shang Dynasty. It is the critical form of the development of Chinese characters, which is called “the earliest Chinese characters.” It has been 122 years since oracle bone inscriptions were discovered in 1898 by Wang Yirong, an antiquarian, epigraphist, and scholar. Up to now, there are still few famous masters, and excellent calligraphy and seal carving work on oracle-bone inscriptions, which has much to do with the profound and challenging debate on oracle-bone legends. At the same time, due to the limited number of the original characters used in the creation of often missing characters, hard to make ends meet, this requires a solid foundation of writing. Another difficulty in writing Oracle is the irregular diagonal lines and geometric shapes of the glyphs, which are extremely difficult to settle in the more square characters and seals. Stable and easy to put the original meaning of the natural meandering. Therefore, the works of oracle-bone inscriptions are often denied by scholars because of their out-of- tune feeling, and the actions which are confined to the copying of oracle-bone notes are scorned by calligraphers and seal carvers. Sir “take the law almost on,” direct imitation in the first people. He studied the calligraphic style of the Oracle inscriptions of Shang Dynasty, absorbed the artistic features of the “vigorous and great, primitive and simple and vigorous” of the Wuding period and the “extraordinary precipitous and vigorous” of the Wu Yi and Wen Ding periods, and incorporated the writing style of the Western Zhou Dynasty’s bronze inscription, its body open and close, curved strokes conscious, innovative and without losing the law, Freehand without losing conciseness, flexible and free and easy natural, naive and harmonious unity. It not only shows the keen interest of the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells but also produces strange artistic effects because of the difference of the strokes. It forms the unique momentum of the “Qin’s calligraphy” and the vigorous and unrestrained style of the ancient calligraphy, breaking the pattern of the calligraphy of the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the past, created “freehand” impressionistic style of oracle calligraphy, which is magnificent.
Mr. Qin has a deep foundation of oracle-bone inscriptions and seal carving. His works are vivid and colorful, with good brushwork, sometimes vigorous, occasionally active, and energetically, sometimes firm and gentle. His works are “pure oracle bone,” that is, all the Chinese characters are oracle bone inscriptions, such as “Jiangxi” “Wang Guangming,” “Yanfu,” “the ear of Huai’an,” “a hundred schools of thought contend,” and “Semi oracle bone inscriptions,” that is, there are both inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells and inscriptions on bronze. However, no matter how the proportion of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells are, the notes on bones and tortoise shells still appear in the end. For example, the word “Sheng” in “Jin Sheng Xi” and the word “Gu” in “Gu Wei Jin Yong” are inscribed in bronze. (in fact, there is a word “Gu” in the oracle-bone inscriptions. Another example is “Lin Sanzhi” Zhu Wenyin, “San” as an inscription of bronze, oracle bone inscriptions, notes on bronze layout complement each other, sense of”harmony.”
Whenever Mr. Qin makes a seal, he has his reasons and never works blindly. Therefore, Mr. Qin’s seal of each side has beautiful originality, and each seal can make people have lots of fun and boundless charm. For example, Bai Wenyin’s “striving for the upper reaches” is a classic of Mr. Qin’s “printing with books.” The “force” of the word and “on” of the report point, as if the pen focus on the ink points on paper. Mr. Qin is very skilled with the knife, has not rigidly so use “Chong Dao” or “Cut Dao,” so this seal is Chong, cut at will, the blade is free to go, the pen is free to follow the knife, let its weight and weight of natural change, pen knife interest show them. During the making of oracle-bone inscriptions, Mr. Qin paid great attention to the changes of rules and regulations, such as “southern Bamboo Shadow,” “no idle living,” or dangerous situations, such as “Sun Xun,” “wandering in Art,” or even dangerous situations, such as “Shi Wei.” Zhu Wen’s seal of “Yamin” was an ingenious idea of Mr. Qin in 1978. The two characters of “Yamin” are all found in oracle bone inscriptions. However, Mr. Qin’s concept was inspired and influenced by many sub-glyphs in his ancient Chinese emblem, in the form of taking characters and placing them in a sub-form, the character “Ya” was inscribed in the form of Jian-GUI character by Jin Wenchen. The seal was engraved, and the seal was expanded into a form of four-square couplet, which caused the character “Ming” to change four directions in the sub-form and increased its changes, at the same time, it conforms to the special law that the head of Oracle bone inscriptions can be up and down, left and right, with novel form and Integration of heaven and human. Since the 1970s, when Mr. Qin makes a seal, he will be using the oracle-bone inscription for the mark of the seal, a small number, more than several crosses, hundreds of words, monumental works, which is magnificent. Many of Mr. Qin’s works, such as “Yamin,” “Qin shi-Wei,” “big feather painting seal,” “Jinggang Mountains” seal of the edge of the Oracle, or warm and quiet, or unrestrained, all without exception clumsy and craggy, elegant and beautiful. Until the Mid-1990s, Mr. Qin created nearly a thousand seal carving works; calligraphy works as many as 3,000 pieces. About three-fifths of the seal work comes from oracle-bone inscriptions and two-fifths from inscriptions on bronze, Chinese seals, and a small number of Xing (Fame) and Kai (regular )script prints. The calligraphy is somewhat similar, of course, but the calligraphy is unique. Whether it is seal carving or calligraphy, its selection, and practical application of the number of oracle-bone characters, involving a wide range of subjects, which is very rare.
Mr. Qin’s seal works, full of spirit, Nothing in Common, classical, Unique, and it left a precious and Spiritual art of wealth, which is worth studying for posterity. For the history of Oracle seal set a new milestone. Mr. Qin is a calligraphic engraver who combines his works, such as a “walking dictionary.” After a long and arduous exploration, he has made the creation of oracle-bone inscriptions change from an austere and restrained image to an expression of artistic taste in brush and ink, and have a distinct style of their own. These are sixty-year of Mr. Qin’s efforts to build, sweat, endeavors, wisdom, and ideas are integrated into it, thus reshaping the creation of a new model and way of Oracle, which is a very great achievement.
Mr. Qin’s lives a simple life, and he is serenity indifferent to fame or wealth. After he became famous, he encouraged himself by saying, “Heaven has pity on the grass, and the world is full of fine nights. “Although he lived in a “leaky house,” he was contented with his fame. When Mr. Qin does calligraphy, It’s not for fame and wealth, kept the peace of mind, no harm and nothing to worry, often a moment of quiet contemplation, so that he sinks his breath to his Dan Tian, and then quickly down the pen, wave a drop of paper, one breath. The Pen and ink marks left on the paper, immediately come to life, a stroke without exception overflowing with the majestic masculinity. Mr. Qin is a man of pure integrity, pure and unpretentious. When dealing with people, Sworn Brothers does not boast or pretend; when dealing with younger generations, he teaches them by word or example; when he is sincere with his friends, he tells them everything. It is precisely because Mr. Qin has such a noble character and integrity, to Oracle’s calligraphy seal carving art to achieve the state of Now You See Me. Today, Mr. Qin’s name covers on both sides of the Changjiang River and his students, such as LanQing, Su Jinhai, and other students all over the world. “Calligraphy handed down good morality in the thousands of years, for people to show a good example, and exemplary conduct and nobility of character. Oracle characters which are the origin of Chinese Han characters, passing down from generation to generation, continuing forever. Mr. Qin and his outstanding artistic achievements will be in pursuit of the truth of oracle bone and stamp on the page of history.
庞辉
庞辉,现任中国江苏省国际文化交流中心顾问、美国硅谷亚洲艺术中心顾问、四川省张大千研究中心研究员,长期从事中国艺术品收藏与研究,专注于书画、佛像、瓷器、古典家具等领域,尤以张大千及金陵画派研究见长。 三十五年来,庞先生深耕中国艺术文化的传播与整理工作,策划并主编《甲骨存真》《红楼选梦》《纸醉泾迷》《中国南朝陵墓石刻》等“中国非物质文化遗产系列丛书”,在北美成功出版推广。其英文专著《燃烧的激情——傅抱石艺术与人生》于傅抱石诞辰120周年之际面世,深受中外读者欢迎。 他热心文化交流,实地探访敦煌莫高窟,对张大千敦煌时期壁画临摹艺术有深入研究。2021年主编的《世界的大千》被美国国会图书馆永久收藏,2025年又推出甲骨文系列丛书,致力于推动中华文明在国际上的认知与传播。 作为一位学者型收藏家与策展人,庞辉先生以其深厚的文化素养与独到的学术眼光,在中外文化艺术交流领域做出了积极贡献。